Bollywood ka safar 1913-1930 (Part-1)



Bollywood Ka Safar: 1913 se 1930


(Ek Swarnim Shuruaat)

Written by Ayaan Kabir 


Pehla Kadam – 1913: Raja Harishchandra

  • Release Date: 3 May 1913
  • Director: Dadasaheb Phalke (Father of Indian Cinema)
  • Type: Silent Film (No sound, only visuals)
  • Duration: Approx 40 minutes
  • Actors: All male cast (kyunki uss samay mahila kalakar nahi milte the)
  • Special Note: Raja Harishchandra ko hi India ki pehli film maana jata hai.

Interesting Fact:

Dadasaheb Phalke ne khud hi script likhi, direction kiya, camera operate kiya aur editing bhi ki! Uss samay koi studio nahi tha, unhone apne ghar me film banayi thi.


Film Industry Ka Mahaul (1913-1930)

  • Sound Technology nahi thi: Sabhi filmein "Silent" thi. Background me live music bajaya jata tha.
  • Black & White Cinema: Color film ka concept bhi nahi tha.
  • Theater me film dekhna nayi cheez thi: Log ajeeb nazar se dekhte the, kuch log toh film ko 'bhoot ka jaadu' samajhte the.
  • Mahila kalakaar nahi thi: Female roles bhi ladke hi karte the.
  • Cinematography aur Editing kaafi basic thi: Storytelling pe zyada focus hota tha.

Important Films (1913 - 1930)

🔹 1917 – Lanka Dahan

  • Director: Dadasaheb Phalke
  • Based on: Ramayan ka Lanka Kand
  • Highlight: Pehli baar ek hi actor (Anna Salunke) ne Ram aur Sita dono ka role kiya. Ye Indian cinema ka pehla double role tha.

🔹 1920 – Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra (Remake)

  • Remake of 1913 version by Phalke.
  • Technical quality better hui thi.
  • Logon ne isse pehli film se zyada pasand kiya.

🔹 1921 – Bhakta Vidur

  • Director: Kanjibhai Rathod
  • Special: Ye pehli Indian political film thi – Gandhi ji jaise kapde Vidur ne pehne the.
  • British Raj ne film ko ban karne ki koshish ki.

🔹 1925 – Savkari Pash (The Indian Shylock)

  • Director: V. Shantaram (Unki debut film)
  • Theme: Peasants aur Moneylenders ke beech sangharsh.
  • Significance: Real social issue par film banana start hua tha.

🔹 1929 – Gopal Krishna

  • Director: V. Shantaram
  • Theme: Lord Krishna’s childhood
  • Important: Uss samay logon ka bharosa jeetna mushkil tha. Ye film religious angle se bahut hit hui thi.

Silent Era ki Technical Limitations

  • Sound: ❌
  • Dialogue: ❌ (Dialogue cards dikhaye jaate the)
  • Lighting: Natural light ka use hota tha.
  • Music: Theater ke andar harmonium, tabla ya violin live bajta tha.

Kuch Pramukh Filmmakers (1913-1930)

Naam Yogdaan
Dadasaheb Phalke Indian cinema ke janak – pehli film banayi
Kanjibhai Rathod Pehli political film banayi (Bhakta Vidur)
V. Shantaram Social awareness aur realism ki shuruaat ki
H. S. Bhatavdekar Documentary filmmaking ke pioneer

Audience Ka Reaction

  • Pehle log filmein dekhne se darte the.
  • Fir dheere dheere cinema ek nayi duniya ban gaya.
  • Jawano se leke bude tak – sabhi log film dekhne lage.
  • Cinema theater kaafi simple hote the – projector aur ek white screen.

Impact of This Era

  • Yeh daur "Indian Cinema ke bachpan" jaisa tha.
  • Filmmakers experiments kar rahe the.
  • Film banana ek junoon tha, paisa kam tha par sapne bade the.
  • Yehi daur ne base banaya future ke talkie films (with sound) ke liye.


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